Ice Cream

In Class we made ice cream in a bag. I t was so fun and productive. I really enjoyed it a lot. Even though my ice cream was a liitle salty, I still had fun!!!!!!!!!!!!

How to make it:

1. 1 table spoon of sugar


2. 1/ cup of milk


3. 1/4 teaspoon of vanilla


4. 1 plastic bag


5. i gallon size bag to put ice in it and your ice cream

I couldnt get a picture of me becuase everybody else could send me the picture.

Play-Do

On Tuesday we made playdo and it was great. I had a blast making it.
What you will need:
1 cup of flour

1. 1 cup warm water
2. 2 teaspoons cream of tartar
3. 1 teaspoon oil
4. 1/4 cup salt
5. food coloring
   

Brandon took a picture of me but couldnt send it to me.

ChemStandard2e

Today I am going to talk about ChemSatandard 2c, which talks about the Lewis Dot Structure.

Lewis structures, also called Lewis dot diagrams, electron-dot diagrams or electron-dot structures, are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bondedmolecule, as well as coordination compounds. The Lewis structure was named after Gilbert N. Lewis, who introduced it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule. They are similar to electron dot diagrams in that the valence electrons in lone pairs are represented as dots, but they also contain lines to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond (single, double, triple, etc.).
Lewis structures show each atom and its position in the structure of the molecule using its chemical symbol. Lines are drawn between atoms that are bonded to one another (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). Excess electrons that form lone pairs are represented as pairs of dots, and are placed next to the atoms.
Although many of the elements react by gaining, losing or sharing electrons until they have achieved a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet (8) of electrons, there are many noteworthy exceptions to the 'octet rule'. One example is hydrogen (H), which has only a single valence electron and tends to react to attain either 0 or 2 valence electrons. When H has two electrons in its valence shell, it could be said to obey a 'duet rule', and achieves a valence shell electron configuration equivalent to helium (He).

Once the total number of available electrons has been determined, electrons must be placed into the structure. They should be placed initially as lone pairs: one pair of dots for each pair of electrons available. Lone pairs should initially be placed on outer atoms (other than hydrogen) until each outer atom has eight electrons in bonding pairs and lone pairs; extra lone pairs may then be placed on the central atom. Here is a video describing the dot structure.

1) Add up the total number of valence electrons in the molecule by totalling the valence electrons on each atom in the molecule or polyatomic ion.
If you are drawing a Lewis Structure for a polyatomic ion:
Negative Ion: Add the number of electrons equal to the negative charge on the ion.
Positive Ion: Subtract the number of electrons equal to the positive charge on the ion.

2) Draw the skeleton structure of the molecule or polyatomic ion in which the covalent bonds between the atoms are drawn as single lines. Each bond equals two valence electrons. If the molecule has more than two atoms, the atom with the lowest electronegativity is generally the central atom and is written in the middle.

3)Distribute valence electrons around the outer atoms as nonbonding electrons to until each atom has a complete outer shell (i.e. 8 electrons except for H which has only 2 valence electrons).
4)Add the remaining valence electrons to the central atom.
BONDING ELECTRONS + NONBONDING ELECTRONS = TOTAL VALENCE ELECTRONS

5)Check the central atom.
If the central atom has eight electrons surrounding it, the Lewis Structure is complete.
If the central atom has less than eight electrons, remove a nonbonding electron pair from one of the outer atoms and for a double bond between that atom and the central atom. If needed, continue to remove nonbonding electron pairs from the outer atoms until the central atom has a complete octet.
If the central atom has more than eight electrons, then this means that the central atom has expanded its valence shell to hold more than eight electrons. This is allowed for atoms with valence shells in the third energy level or higher.

Balloon with a Toothpick

In class i put a toothpick through a balloon. I was amazed it could be done. That was probably one of the coolest things that i did in Chemistry this year.

what you need:

1. Get a balloon and out air in it


2. then put Vaseline on it to make it slippery


3. then let some air out and then put the toothpick through the balloon


4. then you can have a toothpick in the balloon without popping it.

Photo credit to Lexi

Mills Canyon Experience

Mill Canyon was fun and great. My friends and I had a great time hiking the hills of the canyon. The sites were beutiful and amzing. I really enjoyed the part when my friends and I climbed down to the creek and folled it all the way back to the stairs to leave. I did not have a bad time at all.http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=109870610957208732243.000485f22ffc8f302984d&ll=37.585126,-122.382717&spn=0.015576,0.027423&t=h&z=15.

IProposeWe

I propose we do an experiment that has to do with a Hydrogen powered car. In the link to your left it shows all of the necessary procedures and materials that you need to make this project work. Hopefully at school we have all the necessary materials to make this excellent project work.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (safety precautions are in the middle of page.)

• set contains chemicals that maybe harmful if missed used.
• Do not mix old batteries and new batteries in experiment.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

1. When solar panel gets heated up the car starts to move
2. When the water is placed in the container it is heated up which also helps with the movement of the vehicle.

Le Chatelier's Priciple

If a system at equlibrium is disturbed, the system shifts to counter the effect of the disturbence. That is Le Chatelier's Priciple.

Chemical Equilibirum

A chemical equilibrium is dynamic, reversible, forward rate and reverse rate, and there are no changes in concentrations.

David Web

My class had this cool guy Named David Web come to our class. He showed us these really cool experiments. For instance he had a mechine that would suck out the air of the compartment the bell was in. This meachine was a vacuum. When he put the bell in and then took out the air you could not hear the sound of the bell!!!!!!!!!! How exciting!!!!!!!

Specific Heat Capacity

The value of the specific heat is different for various types of matter. Water has the highest specific heat of any substance. Heat temperature of those things with a high specific heat much less than those things with a high specific heat much less than those with the low specific heat

Phase Changes for water

Transitions between solids, liquids and gases all are apart of the Heat is added to the constant rate at each phase change.

Combustion

Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame.

Acids

Acids and Bases Properties of Acids: Taste sour, React with active metals to produce H2, React with carbonates to produce CO2, Neutralize bases, forming salts, found in many fruits and foods.
Properties of Bases: Taste bitter, Are slimy to the touch, Neutralize acids, forming salts, Found in many cleaning solutions.

Reactions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Synthesis- two elements combining into a compound
Decomposition- a compound being separated into elements
Single Replacement- metal/hydrogen/halogen switches with metal/hydrogen/halogen
Double Replacement- the cations swap anions
Combustion - heat is produced

Reactions happen all the time!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Polyatomic Ion

As we move further in Chemistry class we know polyatomic ions are very important.A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged opns composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. The prefix poly- means many in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly referred to as polyatomic. In older literature, a polyatomic ion is also referred to as a radical, and less commonly, as a radical group.

Stoichiometry

In Mr.Olsen's chemistry class we are learning about stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantitive (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical reaction. It can be used to calculate quantities such as the amount of products that can be produced with given reactants and percent yield (the percentage of the given reactant that is made into the product).

Like Dissolves Like

Dissolving

Like Dissolves Like---------------------->

The definintion of dissolving is to make a solution of, as by mixing with a liquid; pass into solution.

Like Dissolves Like means that substances are more likely to dissolve in other substances with similar chemical properties. It is most often used when discussing polar and nonpolar solvents. For example, oil will not dissolve in water because oil is nonpolar and water is polar. Basically, a polar solvent will generally dissolve polar solutes and sometimes ionic solutes, and a nonpolar solvent will generally dissolve nonpolar solutes.